# 用编程的方式添加用户属性

**URL:** https://forum.magentochina.org/t/%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7/815
**Category:** Magento 2.X
**Tags:** 开发, magento2, 教程
**Created:** [2020 年9 月 3 日 06:09 UTC](https://forum.magentochina.org/t/%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7/815 "2020-09-03T06:09:47Z")
**Posts on this page:** 1
**Page:** 1

<div class="post-metadata">

### 作者： ![Vicky](https://forum.magentochina.org/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/v/b19c9b/32.png) [@Vicky](https://forum.magentochina.org/u/Vicky)
#### 发布日期： [2020 年9 月 3 日 06:09 UTC](https://forum.magentochina.org/t/%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7/815/1 "2020-09-03T06:09:47Z")

</div>

本文展示了如何用代码的方式添加用户属性。特别提示：在 Magento2 中，添加额外的用户属性字段可以在注册和用户中心页面收集更多有价值的用户信息。

### 添加用户属性步骤

- 第一步，新建安装文件 InstallData.php

- 第二步，定义 install() 方法

- 第三步，创建自定义属性

### 第一步，新建安装文件 InstallData.php

首先新建 InstallData.php

```auto
<?php
namespace Mageplaza\HelloWorld\Setup;

use Magento\Eav\Setup\EavSetup;
use Magento\Eav\Setup\EavSetupFactory;
use Magento\Framework\Setup\InstallDataInterface;
use Magento\Framework\Setup\ModuleContextInterface;
use Magento\Framework\Setup\ModuleDataSetupInterface;

class InstallData implements InstallDataInterface
{
	private $eavSetupFactory;

	public function __construct(EavSetupFactory $eavSetupFactory)
	{
		$this->eavSetupFactory = $eavSetupFactory;
	}

}

```

在这个类里边定义了用于和 Magento2 属性交互的 EAV 安装模块。

### 第二步，定义 install() 方法

定义 install() 方法并且创建 EAV 安装模块：

```auto
public function install(ModuleDataSetupInterface $setup, ModuleContextInterface $context)
	{
		$eavSetup = $this->eavSetupFactory->create(['setup' => $setup]);
	}
	Next, we will use eavSetup object to add attribute:
public function install(ModuleDataSetupInterface $setup, ModuleContextInterface $context)
	{
		$eavSetup = $this->eavSetupFactory->create(['setup' => $setup]);
		$eavSetup->addAttribute(
			\Magento\Customer\Model\Customer::ENTITY,
			'sample_attribute',
			[
				'type' => 'varchar',
				'label' => 'Sample Attribute',
				'input' => 'text',
				'required' => false,
				'visible' => true,
				'user_defined' => true,
				'position' => 999,
				'system' => 0,
			]
		);
}

```

### 第三步，创建自定义属性

需要设置使用属性的表格。定义可以回调属性的 eavConfig 对象，并且他可以给属性赋值。创建客户属性的代码如下：

```auto
<?php

namespace Mageplaza\HelloWorld\Setup;

use Magento\Eav\Setup\EavSetup;
use Magento\Eav\Setup\EavSetupFactory;
use Magento\Framework\Setup\InstallDataInterface;
use Magento\Framework\Setup\ModuleContextInterface;
use Magento\Framework\Setup\ModuleDataSetupInterface;
use Magento\Eav\Model\Config;
use Magento\Customer\Model\Customer;

class InstallData implements InstallDataInterface
{
	private $eavSetupFactory;

	public function __construct(EavSetupFactory $eavSetupFactory, Config $eavConfig)
	{
		$this->eavSetupFactory = $eavSetupFactory;
		$this->eavConfig = $eavConfig;
	}

	public function install(ModuleDataSetupInterface $setup, ModuleContextInterface $context)
	{
		$eavSetup = $this->eavSetupFactory->create(['setup' => $setup]);
		$eavSetup->addAttribute(
			\Magento\Customer\Model\Customer::ENTITY,
			'sample_attribute',
			[
				'type' => 'varchar',
				'label' => 'Sample Attribute',
				'input' => 'text',
				'required' => false,
				'visible' => true,
				'user_defined' => true,
				'position' => 999,
				'system' => 0,
			]
		);
		$sampleAttribute = $this->eavConfig->getAttribute(Customer::ENTITY, 'sample_attribute');

		// more used_in_forms ['adminhtml_checkout','adminhtml_customer','adminhtml_customer_address','customer_account_edit','customer_address_edit','customer_register_address']
		$sampleAttribute->setData(
			'used_in_forms',
			['adminhtml_customer']

		);
		$sampleAttribute->save();
	}
}

```

接下来，用以下命令安装模块 `php magento setup:upgrade` 和 `php bin/magento setup:static-content:deploy `，然后查看结果，如下图所示：

 ![image](https://forum.magentochina.org/uploads/default/original/1X/a29314e8ba3f1a00bbdcf311ae064c280403d4b8.png)

## 本教程翻译自Mageplaza模块开发系列，其他内容请点击下面链接:

> [@Magento2模块开发中文教程索引](https://forum.magentochina.org/t/magento2%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95/36):
>
> 本文翻译自mageplaza的Magento2模块开发教程,而且正在翻译中. 翻译也是非常好的学习方式，希望下列表中还有我们没有翻译，而你又想分享的内容,请发表文章之后，在下面附上地址。 如果觉得本站翻译得内容对您有帮助，又没有时间帮助翻译回馈社区.请打赏我们，您的支持是我们的动力: 转载说明:非常欢迎转载，但是必须保证文章的完整性并附上原文地址和翻译原文的地址，保证阅读者不会产生歧义. 目录索引: 索 引 中 文 原 文 1 [Magento2如何创建模块](https://forum.magentochina.org/t/Magento-2%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B/38)[How to Create Module in Magento 2](https://www.mageplaza.com/kb/how-create-hello-world-module-magento-2.html) 2 [控制器详解](https://forum.magentochina.org/t/Magento-2%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%99%A8%E8%AF%A6%E8%A7%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B/39)[Create Controllers](https://www.mageplaza.com/magento-2-module-development/how-to-create-controllers-magento-2.html) 3 [CRUD 模型](https://forum.magentochina.org/t/Magento2-CRUD%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E5%B7%A5%E5%8E%82%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E8%AF%A6%E8%A7%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B/43)[CRUD Models](https://www.mageplaza.com/magento-2-module-development/how-to-create-crud-model-magento-2.html) 4 [视图层:块,布局和模板](https://forum.magentochina.org/t/%E8%A7%86%E5%9B%BE%E5%B1%82%E5%9D%97%E5%B8%83%E5%B1%80%E5%92%8C%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B/50/1)[View: Block, Layouts and templates](https://www.mageplaza.com/magento-2-module-development/view-block-layout-template-magento-2.html) 5 [配置system.xml](https://forum.magentochina.org/t/%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6systemxml/55)[Configuration - System.xm…](https://www.mageplaza.com/magento-2-module-development/create-system-xml-configuration-magento-2.html)