在这篇教程中，我们将会讨论 Magento 2 的命令行接口（CLI），如你所知，在 Magento 2 中，开发人员在 bin/magento 里添加了许多命令，虽然可能很难掌握，但我会在教程中对细节进行详细的说明。
当你在终端中运行命令时：
php bin/magento
或者
bin/magento
可以得到 Magento 2 命令列表，包括了常用的命令
Usage:
command [options] [arguments]
Options:
--help (-h) Display this help message
--quiet (-q) Do not output any message
--verbose (-v|vv|vvv) Increase the verbosity of messages: 1 for normal output, 2 for more verbose output and 3 for debug
--version (-V) Display this application version
--ansi Force ANSI output
--no-ansi Disable ANSI output
--no-interaction (-n) Do not ask any interactive question
Available commands:
help Displays help for a command
list Lists commands
admin
admin:user:create Creates an administrator
admin:user:unlock Unlock Admin Account
cache
cache:clean Cleans cache type(s)
cache:disable Disables cache type(s)
cache:enable Enables cache type(s)
cache:flush Flushes cache storage used by cache type(s)
cache:status Checks cache status
catalog
catalog:images:resize Creates resized product images
catalog:product:attributes:cleanup Removes unused product attributes.
cron
cron:run Runs jobs by schedule
customer
customer:hash:upgrade Upgrade customer's hash according to the latest algorithm
deploy
deploy:mode:set Set application mode.
deploy:mode:show Displays current application mode.
dev
dev:source-theme:deploy Collects and publishes source files for theme.
dev:tests:run Runs tests
dev:urn-catalog:generate Generates the catalog of URNs to *.xsd mappings for the IDE to highlight xml.
dev:xml:convert Converts XML file using XSL style sheets
i18n
i18n:collect-phrases Discovers phrases in the codebase
i18n:pack Saves language package
i18n:uninstall Uninstalls language packages
indexer
indexer:info Shows allowed Indexers
indexer:reindex Reindexes Data
indexer:reset Resets indexer status to invalid
indexer:set-mode Sets index mode type
indexer:show-mode Shows Index Mode
indexer:status Shows status of Indexer
info
info:adminuri Displays the Magento Admin URI
info:backups:list Prints list of available backup files
info:currency:list Displays the list of available currencies
info:dependencies:show-framework Shows number of dependencies on Magento framework
info:dependencies:show-modules Shows number of dependencies between modules
info:dependencies:show-modules-circular Shows number of circular dependencies between modules
info:language:list Displays the list of available language locales
info:timezone:list Displays the list of available timezones
maintenance
maintenance:allow-ips Sets maintenance mode exempt IPs
maintenance:disable Disables maintenance mode
maintenance:enable Enables maintenance mode
maintenance:status Displays maintenance mode status
module
module:disable Disables specified modules
module:enable Enables specified modules
module:status Displays status of modules
module:uninstall Uninstalls modules installed by composer
sampledata
sampledata:deploy Deploy sample data modules
sampledata:remove Remove all sample data packages from composer.json
sampledata:reset Reset all sample data modules for re-installation
setup
setup:backup Takes backup of Magento Application code base, media and database
setup:config:set Creates or modifies the deployment configuration
setup:cron:run Runs cron job scheduled for setup application
setup:db-data:upgrade Installs and upgrades data in the DB
setup:db-schema:upgrade Installs and upgrades the DB schema
setup:db:status Checks if DB schema or data requires upgrade
setup:di:compile Generates DI configuration and all missing classes that can be auto-generated
setup:install Installs the Magento application
setup:performance:generate-fixtures Generates fixtures
setup:rollback Rolls back Magento Application codebase, media and database
setup:static-content:deploy Deploys static view files
setup:store-config:set Installs the store configuration
setup:uninstall Uninstalls the Magento application
setup:upgrade Upgrades the Magento application, DB data, and schema
theme
theme:uninstall
可以在截图中看到相同的内容
命令行的类别
可以将命令列表中的命令分成以下类别：
-
缓存
-
索引
-
计划任务
-
代码编译器
-
设置 Magento 模式
-
翻译
-
运行单元测试
-
维护
-
模块管理
-
安装程序：安装、升级、卸载、备份、回滚
-
主题
-
部署
接下来，每个分类会举例说明：
缓存类的命令
如何检查缓存的状态
php bin/magento cache:status
结果：
config: 1
layout: 1
block_html: 1
collections: 1
db_ddl: 1
eav: 1
full_page: 1
translate: 1
config_integration: 1
config_integration_api: 1
config_webservice: 1
如何清除缓存
php bin/magento cache:clean
结果：
$ php bin/magento cache:clean
Cleaned cache types:
config
layout
block_html
collections
reflection
db_ddl
eav
customer_notification
full_page
config_integration
config_integration_api
translate
config_webservice
如何刷新缓存
php bin/magento cache:flush
如何启用，禁用缓存
php bin/magento cache:enable php bin/magento cache:disable
高级指令：
magento cache:enable [type] ... [type] magento cache:disable [type] ... [type]
禁用整页缓存：
magento cache:disable full_page
索引类命令
使用一下命令检查索引状态
php bin/magento indexer:info
结果：
design_config_grid Design Config Grid
customer_grid Customer Grid
catalog_category_product Category Products
catalog_product_category Product Categories
catalog_product_price Product Price
catalog_product_attribute Product EAV
catalogsearch_fulltext Catalog Search
cataloginventory_stock Stock
catalogrule_rule Catalog Rule Product
catalogrule_product Catalog Product Rule
如何重建索引数据
php bin/magento indexer:reindex
如何将索引器状态重置为无效
php bin/magento indexer:reset
如何显示索引模式
php bin/magento indexer:show-mode
部署类的命令
命令语法
php bin/magento setup:static-content:deploy <lang> ... <lang> [--dry-run]
如何部署静态内容
php bin/magento setup:static-content:deploy
输出结果如下：
$ php bin/magento setup:static-content:deploy Requested languages: en_US === frontend -> Magento/blank -> en_US === ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
默认情况下，部署静态文件的默认语言为：en_EN
如果你想在部署静态内容时使用其他语言，例如：pt_BR
执行：
php bin/magento setup:static-content:deploy pt_BR
结果为：
Requested languages: pt_BR === frontend -> Magento/luma -> pt_BR === ... progress indicator ... Successful: 1613 files; errors: 0 === frontend -> Magento/blank -> pt_BR === ... progress indicator ... Successful: 1620 files; errors: 0 === adminhtml -> Magento/backend -> pt_BR === ... progress indicator ... Successful: 1626 files; errors: 0 === Minify templates === ... progress indicator ... Successful: 858 files modified ---
结果"
$ php bin/magento indexer:show-mode
Design Config Grid: Update on Save
Customer Grid: Update on Save
Category Products: Update on Save
Product Categories: Update on Save
Product Price: Update on Save
Product EAV: Update on Save
Catalog Search: Update on Save
Stock: Update on Save
Catalog Rule Product: Update on Save
Catalog Product Rule: Update on Save
如何设置索引模式类型
php bin/magento indexer:set-mode {realtime|schedule} [indexer]
例如：
magento indexer:set-mode schedule catalog_category_product catalog_product_cat
如何通过命令获取管理路径
你知道吗？你可以在不访问 etc/env.php 文件的情况下获取管理路径
执行：
php bin/magento info:adminuri
结果：
$ php bin/magento info:adminuri Admin URI: /admin
所以路径是 /admin，在浏览器中访问 domain.com/admin 进入到 Magento 后端页面。
如何通过命令行启用维护模式
启用维护模式
php bin/magento maintenance:enable
结果
$ php bin/magento maintenance:enable Enabled maintenance mode
禁用维护模式
php bin/magento maintenance:disable
允许IP访问商店
设置允许访问的ip
php bin/magento maintenance:allow-ips
例如：
php bin/magento maintenance:allow-ips 168.168.168.168 Set exempt IP-addresses: 168.168.168.168
如何设置 Magento 的开发者模式和生产模式
显示当前 Magento 2 模式
php bin/magento deploy:mode:show
结果：
$ php bin/magento deploy:mode:show Current application mode: default. (Note: Environment variables may override this value.)
现在是默认模式，让我们将模式转换为开发者模式
php bin/magento deploy:mode:set developer
结果：
$ php bin/magento deploy:mode:set developer Enabled developer mode.